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Commonly confused German words.

Where English has one word, German often has two or three. Each pair here gets the difference in a line, and a sentence from the Wortplay course for every word, with its recording.

  1. “know”

    kennen or wissen

    kennen: know a person, a place or a thing you have met. wissen: know a fact, often with a clause after it (dass, ob, wo, wer).

    • kennen

      Wir kennen die Stadt gut.

      We know the city well.

    • wissen

      Weißt du, wo der Bahnhof ist?

      Do you know where the train station is?

    The full comparison: Kennen or wissen?

  2. “when”

    als, wenn or wann

    als: one time, or one stretch of time, in the past. wenn: every time something happens, or a time still to come. wann: when in a question, asked or reported.

    • als

      Als ich klein war, wohnten wir am Meer.

      When I was little, we lived by the sea.

    • wenn

      Immer wenn er kocht, riecht das ganze Haus nach Knoblauch.

      Whenever he cooks, the whole house smells of garlic.

    • wann

      Wann beginnt der Film?

      When does the movie start?

  3. “if”

    wenn or ob

    wenn: if as a condition: if this happens, then that. ob: if in the sense of whether, after verbs like wissen and fragen.

    • wenn

      Wenn es regnet, bleiben wir zu Hause.

      If it rains, we will stay at home.

    • ob

      Ich weiß nicht, ob er heute kommt.

      I don't know if he's coming today.

  4. “because”

    weil or denn

    Both mean because. weil sends the verb to the end of its clause; after denn, the clause keeps the order of a plain sentence.

    • weil

      Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich müde bin.

      I'm staying home because I'm tired.

    • denn

      Ich bleibe zu Hause, denn ich bin müde.

      I'm staying home because I'm tired.

  5. “study”

    lernen or studieren

    lernen: learn, and study at home or for a test. studieren: study at a university, or study a subject there.

    • lernen

      Er hat in der Schule Englisch gelernt.

      He learned English at school.

    • studieren

      Mein Bruder studiert Geschichte.

      My brother studies history.

  6. “say, speak, talk”

    sagen, sprechen or reden

    sagen: say or tell, with what is said as its object. sprechen: speak, and the verb for speaking a language. reden: talk, the everyday word, usually mit someone or über something.

    • sagen

      Ich sage es dir morgen.

      I will tell you tomorrow.

    • sprechen

      Sie spricht sehr gut Deutsch.

      She speaks German very well.

    • reden

      Wir reden über das Wetter.

      We talk about the weather.

  7. “see, look, watch”

    sehen, schauen or gucken

    sehen: see, and watch a film or a game. schauen: look on purpose, at something or out of something; heard everywhere, most of all in the south. gucken: the casual word for look and watch, most of all in the north.

    • sehen

      Siehst du das rote Auto dort?

      Do you see the red car over there?

    • schauen

      Er hat lange auf die Uhr geschaut.

      He looked at the clock for a long time.

    • gucken

      Wir gucken heute Abend einen Film.

      We're watching a movie tonight.

  8. “lie, lay, stand, put”

    liegen, legen, stehen or stellen

    liegen and stehen say where something is: no object, and the dative (auf dem Tisch). legen and stellen put something there: an object, and the accusative (auf den Tisch). Flat things lie; upright things stand.

    • liegen

      Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.

      The book is lying on the table.

    • legen

      Er legt das Buch auf den Tisch.

      He puts the book on the table.

    • stehen

      Ich stehe schon seit zehn Minuten hier.

      I have been standing here for ten minutes.

    • stellen

      Ich stelle das Glas auf den Tisch.

      I put the glass on the table.

  9. “under, below, over, above”

    unter, unten, über or oben

    unter and über need a noun after them (unter dem Bett). unten and oben stand on their own: down there or downstairs, up there or upstairs. vor and vorne, hinter and hinten work the same way.

    • unter

      Die Katze schläft unter dem Bett.

      The cat is sleeping under the bed.

    • unten

      Wir warten unten auf dich.

      We are waiting downstairs for you.

    • über

      Die Lampe hängt über dem Tisch.

      The lamp hangs above the table.

    • oben

      Wir wohnen oben im dritten Stock.

      We live upstairs on the third floor.

  10. “change”

    ändern or verändern

    ändern: change a detail, or swap one thing for another: a plan, an order, a text. verändern: change what something or someone is like: a room, a person, the world.

    • ändern

      Kann ich meine Bestellung noch ändern?

      Can I still change my order?

    • verändern

      Das Internet hat die Welt verändert.

      The internet has changed the world.

  11. “try”

    versuchen or probieren

    versuchen: try to do something, an attempt. probieren: try something out to see what it is like, and taste food. For another go at something, either will do.

    • versuchen

      Sie versucht, früher zu kommen.

      She tries to come earlier.

    • probieren

      Ich probiere den Kuchen.

      I try the cake.

  12. “visit”

    besuchen or besichtigen

    besuchen: visit people or places, and attend a school or a course. besichtigen: go round a place to look at it, as a sightseer or a buyer: a castle, a cathedral, an apartment.

    • besuchen

      Kommen Sie uns doch einmal besuchen!

      Why don't you come to visit us!

    • besichtigen

      Morgen besichtigen wir den Dom.

      Tomorrow we are visiting the cathedral.

Where the sentences come from

Every sentence and its recording comes from the Wortplay course, where each of these words has more of them. Audio is generated German speech. About the sources.

The Wortplay course

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